Research Progress on the Application and Mechanisms of β-Hydroxybutyrate Supplementation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords:
β-Hydroxybutyrate, Ketogenic diet, Cardiovascular diseases, Nutritional ketosisAbstract
The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases have always been a focal point in related fields. This paper explores the application and underlying mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation in addressing cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, hypertension, myocardial inflammation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate supplementation offers a rapid and direct energy source for the heart, thereby aiding in the prevention and management of cardiac injury. Notably, the overall efficacy of exogenous β-hydroxybutyrate is markedly superior to that of endogenous β-hydroxybutyrate. Endogenous fatty acids, derived from a ketogenic diet, undergo oxidation to form β-hydroxybutyrate in the body for energy production. However, this process is significantly influenced by glucose and lipid metabolism, particularly in the context of underlying health conditions. Currently, the use of a ketogenic diet is not advocated for the prevention or treatment of myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, diabetic cardiomyopathy, or hypertension.
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