Seagrass distribution changes in Swan Lake of Shandong Peninsula from 1979 to 2009 inferred from satellite remote sensing data

Abstract

Seagrass and associated bio-resources are very important for swan’s overwintering in Swan Lake in Rongcheng
of Shandong Peninsula of China. The seagrass distribution changes, which are usually affected by the regional human
activities, can indirectly affect swan’s habitat. In this study the satellite remote sensing data in years 1979–2009 together
with in-situ observations in recent years were used to examine the seagrass distribution changes in Swan Lake. The band
ratio of band 1 to band 2, Lyzenga’s methods and band synthesize of band 1, band 2 and band 3 were used for seagrass
retrieval. The band ratio of band 1 to band 2 with ranges greater than 4.5 was used for estimating the seagrass coverage
greater than 50%. Results showed that in years 1979–1990 seagrass coverage greater than 50% occupied more than half of
the surface area of Swan Lake. In years 2000–2005, the total area with seagrass distributions reduced greatly, only about
one sixth to one fourth of Swan Lake’s surface area. After 2005, the seagrass area in Swan Lake increased gradually and
occasionally was greater than one third of the total surface area of the Lake. It was shown that human activities such as the
dam and fish pond establishment and the awareness of seagrass importance and protected actively result in the seagrass
distributions changes in Swan Lake which decreased first and then increased afterwards.